Description

A command injection vulnerability in the 'advanced/curl' component of Osbil Technology oPanel v1.19.50 and earlier allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands via the 'url' parameter

Executive Summary

Technical Details

Mitigations

References

Additional Metadata

{
  "score": "8.1",
  "pubDate": "2026-08-28T16:18:14.037Z",
  "pubdate": "2026-08-28T16:18:14.037Z",
  "executiveSummary": "Osbil Technology oPanel v1.19.50 and earlier contain a command injection vulnerability within the 'advanced/curl' component.\nThe vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary shell commands on the underlying host operating system.\nSuccessful exploitation results in full remote code execution, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, system compromise, and lateral movement within the hosting environment.\nThis issue stems from the insufficient sanitization of user-supplied input provided to the 'url' parameter before being processed by a system-level command execution function.\nBecause the vulnerability requires authentication, the scope is limited to users with existing account access, though this significantly elevates the risk of privilege escalation or internal infrastructure compromise.\nNo specific network exposure beyond the management interface is strictly required, provided the attacker has valid credentials to access the 'advanced/curl' module.",
  "technicalDetails": "The vulnerability exists in the 'advanced/curl' component of oPanel, which serves as a wrapper or interface for the cURL utility.\nThe root cause is improper input validation and sanitization of the 'url' parameter. When a user provides a string to this parameter, the application fails to adequately escape or filter shell metacharacters before passing the input to the system's shell or a command execution API (e.g., exec(), shell_exec(), or passthru()).\nAn authenticated attacker can exploit this by injecting shell operators such as semicolons (;), pipes (|), backticks (`), or logical operators (&&, ||) followed by arbitrary shell commands.\nThe attack flow follows a predictable sequence: First, the attacker authenticates to the oPanel management interface. Second, the attacker navigates to the 'advanced/curl' functionality. Third, the attacker crafts a malicious HTTP request (typically a POST or GET request depending on the implementation) where the 'url' parameter is manipulated to include command injection payloads. For example, injecting 'http://example.com; id' or similar payloads allows the attacker to execute the 'id' command on the server.\nThe application subsequently executes the constructed command string with the privileges of the web server user (e.g., www-data or similar). Because the execution occurs at the operating system level, the attacker can leverage standard Linux command-line tools to enumerate the filesystem, exfiltrate configuration files, download secondary payloads, or establish persistent backdoors.\nThis vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it bypasses application-level logic by interacting directly with the host's command processor. The lack of parameterization or the use of insecure system calls effectively turns a utility tool into a remote code execution vector. Impact is severe, as it grants the attacker the same permissions as the web server daemon, which may be further escalated if local kernel vulnerabilities exist or if the environment is misconfigured."
}